You can discover a lot about scientific advances from going on a tour of a medical institution. Check to see if Ospedale Cattinara is open to the public while you are in the area.
To visit this health care institution, make tracks to Servola-Chiarbola-Valmaura-Borgo San Sergio. There are loads of other worthwhile attractions in this area, like Piazza Unita d'Italia, Canal Grande di Trieste, and Trieste Harbour.